英语答疑 1
●问:有这样一道题： He told me that he wouldn't go to the party ____ invited. (A. unless was B. Until C. without D. if not)
我无法确定哪一个是正确答案，我觉的应选if not,而without显然是不对的。烦请解答。
☆答：我也觉得选 if not是对的，without无论作介词或副词，在这里都不大可能出现；如用without ，后面应是 without 之类。
unless和if not在多数情况下是通用的，条件是用它引导一个与主句所述相反的陈述。
例如:Unless you take more care, you 'll have an accident.(=if you don't take more care.)
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to shop.(=if I don't tell you to shop.)
Unless you call me to say you're not coming, I'll see you at the cinema.(=if you don't call me to say you're not coming.)
但是在“虚拟语气”的条件句里，unless 不能代替if not 。
例如:
John would be our best play _if he weren't so lazy.(不能用unless 代替）
在if相当于 whether 时（在间接问句中），不能用unless代替if。例如：
She promised to let me know if she wasn't coming.（不能用 unless代替）
在心里存在否定时，不用unless 代替 if not。例如：
What shall we do if they don't answer our letter?(不能用unless )
至于until ，着重的是时间，不象 unless那样着重条件。如果此处用 until，我未曾见过 until后直接用过去分词的例子。用 unless instructed 似乎能成立。Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(1987)有例句:Don't leave the building unless instructed to do so. 但是不能填unless was ，我想不起有 unless was invited这样的结构。
英语答疑 2
●问：《中级英语语法训练》 中有一道题：-I thought you had planned to practise playing the violin yesterday.
-Mother had me ____the housework all day.
A. doing B do C. did D. to do
我见有all day,填了doing; 书中答案却是do.为什么是do而不是doing呢？
☆答：动词 have+宾语+ (不带 to) do 或+doing都很常见.have+ 在这里是cause (somebody) to (do something)的意思。 例如：
I had John find me a house.
I had them all laughing at my jokes.
have用在否定句时有“允许” 、 “容忍” 的意思。 例如：
We can't have you going everywhere by taxi./She won't have boys arriving late.
在你问及繁荣句子里填doing 看来并没有错。事实上Geoffery Leech在(An A～Z of English Grammer & Usage)一书中，在举出下例后注明
英语答疑 3
●问：（山东省枣庄 咸成亮） 有一个句子：Thomas has worked for the car factory man and boy thirty years请问为什么不能说成boy and man？
☆答：man and boy是固定用法，意思是for the whole of one's life。按Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English标注属于旧式用法，年轻人已不用。凡是固定用法都是习惯形成的，不能随意变动。例如to rain cats and dogs意为to rain heavily，就不能随意改作dogs and cats。这是没有什么理由可说的
英语答疑 4
●问：If you are just beginning to think about burning your own audio CD's, the first thing you need to consider is your computer. If you are getting a CD burner for an existing machine, you 'll face a range of perplexing questions.请问在这两句中的含义。
☆答：我是个电脑盲，对计算机一无所知。向周围同志请教后，才敢作如下答复，也不知究竟我是否理解了他们的意思，请多斟酌。
to burn one's own audio CD's是说自行刻录CD盘。据说个人电脑里可以装备刻录机（即burner），利用它来录制自己所要的CD，甚至CD也可以刻录。
原文用汉语翻译大致是：如果你动了念头想录制自己的CD，首先考虑的是自己的电脑。要相屡既有的电脑配置一个刻录器，你就会面临一连串令人困惑的问题。
有一位同志说，香港人干脆把这个字说成“烧”，也说是“刻录”的意思，大概是因为刻录要利用激光吧。
英语答疑 5
●问：Disease can be as harmful, if not more so, to the well-being and progress of a nation than wars or economic depression。这句话如何理解？
☆答：这句话把as harmful than混在一起了。它想说的是Disease can be as harmful as wars or economic depression, if not more so.疾病可能造成和战争与经济危机同样的危害，即使不是更大的 危害。
●问：His shoes are smaller than mine. Xiao Wang is taller than I. 怎样就上列句子斜体部分提问？
☆答：尽管“他的鞋子比我的小。”“小王比我高。”都是很自然的事实陈述，但在现实生活中，很难设想有人要问“他的鞋比谁的小？”或者“小王比谁高？”无怪乎难于就斜体部分提问了。不过，如果是问话的人没有听清楚than后面的那部分，追问Than whose? 或Than what? 或Than who (whom)?则是可能的。这样的问话一般都用升调，就像是没听明白，请别人再说一遍时用" I beg pardon."一样。
英语答疑 6
●问：The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.
☆答；that代表the mummy。英语that的这个用法，使得在同一句中不必重复mummy这个单词，而英语行文有时是这样避免重复的。
●问：在下面这句话里，斜体的that指的是什么？
Only first she had to get towels and soap for father and clean things for him to put on ,because he always gets so messed up with fishing ,and that kept mother busy for a while, that and helping the girls get ready.
☆答：指she had to get towels and soap for father and clean things for him to put on,全句的含义是说：作者的父亲钓鱼经常会把浑身弄得很脏，母亲先得忙着把毛巾，肥皂和父亲的换洗衣服找出来，除此之外，还要帮女儿打扮，为这两桩事她忙了一阵。
说话的人说到that kept mother busy for a while之后 ,又想起helping the girls get ready ,也占了她的时间，所以重复了that，再加上helping the girls ready,这种文体是口语式的。正式的书面语不会这样写。
英语答疑 7
●问：某英语教材中有下面这句话：
No black person was to ride a bus on Monday, December5, the day that Mrs. Parks came to trial.
请问，定语从句的先行词是day ,为什么用 that引导？ 一般不是用what 吗？
☆答：the day 在此与 Monday,December5同位，that 引导的是限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句以that 引导是常见的现象。句子里的日期已是特定的，其后的定语从句自然是限制性的了。例如:
Can you mention any one that we know?
Everything that could be done was done.
在表示时间的情况下，如果用 that可以代替at which， in which, on which则往往用that. 例如：
This is the time that the unjust man doth thrive.(莎士比亚)
By the time (that) you are ready, everybody will be gone.
The moment (that) the teacher entered ,everybody stopped their chatter.
英语答疑 8
●问：下面这个句子里，第二句里的it is today在句子里是什么成分？句子是什么意思
The degree of an industry is based upon the ability of that industry to move forward through continual advances and developments in new technology. The porcelain enamel industry is a good example of such a success story where innovations in technology have controlled its progress and brought it to the viable business it is today.
☆答： it is today在句子里是定语从句，省略了关系代词that，先行词是 the viable business。全句含义是说：搪瓷业的成功，正是由于工艺技术的革新掌握了这一工业的进展，使它成为今天这样一个具有生命的企业。
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